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Specimen Tracking Field Guide

A practical playbook for securing chain of custody from the bedside to accessioning. Combine barcode workflows with passive RFID, fixed checkpoints, and handheld recovery to cut search time, reduce mix-ups, and keep cold-chain compliance visible.
This site is for lab operations, pathology and histology leadership, nursing and phlebotomy, courier services, quality and compliance teams, and health IT. The goal is simple: accurate, audit-ready custody with minimal extra steps. Keep barcode/2D as the clinical label. Add a passive RFID tag that carries a non-PHI key tied to the LIS order. Use fixed read zones for automated events, handhelds for fast recovery, and concise interfaces so data becomes action, not noise.

Specimen Tracking Challenges

Start with the challenge you're facing.

Chain of Custody & Fast Recovery

Automate handoffs with fixed reads at exits, receiving, and cold storage, then use handhelds for proximity search when something goes off-route. Last-seen zones, route timers, and exception tasks shrink search time from minutes to seconds and create a defensible custody record.  In hub-and-spoke routes, reconcile expected vs. received at receiving and surface partial-receipt exceptions immediately to shorten search time.

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Label Accuracy & Specimen Identity

Pair barcode/2D as the clinical label with a non-PHI RFID key to prevent swaps and mislabels. Bedside verification, print-time validation, and governed reprint/re-tag steps keep the accession tied to the right patient—even during high-volume periods. Small upstream fixes here prevent downstream re-collections, delays in diagnosis, and costly investigation time.


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Transport & Courier Visibility

Make the “in-transit” leg visible. Associate items to bags/coolers, trigger departure timers, and auto-reconcile expected vs received at the lab threshold. Route timers and exception cues highlight off-route or overdue bags before they become delays.
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Cold Chain & Compliance Readiness

See temperature pass/fail alongside custody for cooled/frozen items, and keep audit evidence ready for CAP and Joint Commission. Temperature results post alongside custody events, creating audit-ready proof without extra manual steps.
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Looking for information on hospital asset tracking? 
Read Hospital Asset Tracking 101
Compare RFID, BLE, Wi-Fi RTLS, and barcodes to right-size accuracy and cost.

Solutions for Specimen Tracking

Specimen Chain of Custody 101

Foundational model for identifiers, checkpoints, handheld recovery, and interfaces so the custody record mirrors real workflow without noise.
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Pre-Analytic Error Reduction

Bedside ID and label accuracy practices that prevent relabels and mixed specimens before they start.
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Transport and Courier Tracking

Associate to bags and coolers, log departures and arrivals automatically, and reconcile at receiving to catch gaps immediately.
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LIS and EHR Integration for Specimens

Post concise, audit-ready events tied to the LIS order. Buffer and replay during outages. Avoid duplicates. Keep PHI in the LIS.
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Compliance and Audit Readiness

Custody completeness, cold-chain evidence where required, correction events, and exception closure time ready for CAP and Joint Commission.
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KPIs for Specimen Tracking System

Custody completeness per LIS order
Median find time for off-route items
Collection-to-receipt turnaround by priority class
Cold-chain pass rate for cooled or frozen specimens
Exception closure time and re-collection rate
Custody completeness: percent of LIS orders with full trail from collection to receiving
Receiving auto-match; percent matched within 1 minute, exceptions reviewed same shift
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